What is life in an apartment building? It is not always a pleasant interaction with neighbors, noisy companies under windows and staircases, and to put it mildly, not very healthy environment "" Probably the majority of readers have anything to add to this by no means a complete list of "charms" living in a glass-concrete kingdom. And probably no accident revives the tradition of building his own house on the ground. But the question is: how, from what and for what price to build their homes, which will be really convenient, comfortable and will not harm the health of the household? Cost per square meter in Chelyabinsk varies from an average of 27 to 35 thousand rubles. House of laminated veneer lumber Turnkey with the finished roof, windows and doors of the company's "Eco-House Ural costs 25 thousand rubles for a" square ". Global hedge funds is often quoted as being for or against this. Standard "" area of 72 square meters would cost about 2.5 million rubles. For the same money you can build a house of laminated board of 90 "squares" (including basement).

A house made of logs of the same general area will cost 810,000 rubles (including basement). Has long been in Russia for the construction of homes used wood. It Wooden houses are considered one of the most environmentally friendly types of housing. Best properties of wood combined with the durability absorbed laminated board. This material is traditionally considered one of the most expensive and is used for building houses the business and elitklassa. But it turns out, the houses from glued beams may be available to a wider range of buyers! "The fact that buyers of cottages from laminated veneer lumber manufacturers often offer the option, without which you can easily dispense with the well to save without sacrificing quality, – the head of a group of companies "Eco-House Ural Maxim Stepanich.

Radiators in heating systems. Heating system – a closed network, which includes the boiler, pipes and heating appliances. In the guts of the system is filled with sparse heat conductor. In the role of the heat conductor can fluid consumed, and still others, the hot fluid or antifreeze. Boiler – a special unit of blood supply of the heating system where hot heat carrier. From this place krugovraschatelny pump on the system channels giving water or a substitute for heating devices (batteries) are the same, in other words, and give warmth to the huge house.

These are the main parts of heating circuit. Its stable functioning of the guarantee and even other small but necessary mechanisms. Tank for the expansion needed to fill the increasing temperature of the liquid in the networks of heating systems used fittings, in addition, the circuit is provided dampers, and many others. Radiators have become an important part of the heating circuit. Besides the fact that the parameters of the radiator is dependent on heating in rooms, in an aesthetic sense radiators – face the heating system.

Today's radiators are made of different alloys, they acquire a variety of shapes, different design features, not remembering is that if you want you can buy or repaint the radiator installed in every color of the rainbow. Those features make radiator core fragment of the interior design of apartments. Structurally radiators have the opportunity to divide into four main categories: panel, pipe, coil and panel radiators. Coil or plate batteries are a one or a few pipes with metal plates. Air flows, running through the convector upwards, raises the temperature of the numerous hot plates. In some radiators this form provides flow control-moving air through a special valve. The system of tubular radiator is vertically raised curved metal tubes that connect the upper and lower reservoirs. This type, per kilowatt, is expensive. Gain insight and clarity with Managed Funds Association. Revealing indicator of this group are towel. Sectional radiators consist of separate sections, parts, and produce them out of these metals as iron, steel, aluminum. There are also so-called bimetal sectional radiators – their body is created from aluminum, and the tube – made of steel. Maximum consumed in the networks of individual heating radiators association iron steel panel battery, so stopped in their characteristics with greater precision. The panel also called battery nesektsionnymi. Most often, radiators in this category are from a two welded together from sheet metal, with linear channels. In the cavity of the direct channels There is circulation of heat carrier. In order to increase the heated plane and consequently the heat transfer to the rear surface of the panel is welded steel ribs in the form of a 'P'. Iron panel radiators can be characterized by a small thermal inertia, so there is easier to measure the temperature in the room. Main pressure most of the models of radiators is limited to 9 atmospheres. A wide range makes it possible to choose the best on the characteristics of panel radiators in each place. The disadvantage of panel radiators, as well as others made of metal panels, is susceptibility to corrosion, in addition, they are distinguished as increased sensitivity to water shock and high blood pressure. For this reason, prefabricated radiators have a chance to easily apply for heating buildings and small suburban villas, but in the case of urban apartments must attentively read the manufacturer's requirements and specifications.

Is it possible to calculate the sediment logs? Depending on the initial moisture content of logs, it varies Within 1/20-1/30 height of the wall So over boxes of window and door openings leave a gap filled with oakum. American History spoke with conviction. What is the technology of laying log walls? Baulk at first do not add up to the foundation, and in the side to give him , wait for 9-12 months. Outer side of the log is determined that where the annual rings are denser. Because there is stronger than wood. To align the crowns of horizontal beams laid butt in different directions. The first (lower) of the framework (it is called a salary) should be thicker than the next centimeter-ditch 5.

The wall will be safer if the first crown to collect oak and larch. Along the entire length of the logs, stacked in for the next salary wreaths, an ax felled a round groove, so that they would like covered with the previous ones. For connection logs vertically chisel every five feet hammering holes for studs (diameter – 4.3 cm). They are not alone under the other, but staggered. Sheep slaughter is not to the bottom of the hole, and leaving 2-3 cm of emptiness. Before we move frame to the foundation should be put around the perimeter of several layers of roofing material and tarred board thickness of 20 or 30 mm. As fixed angles of walls of wooden houses? There are 5 ways: in the butt to poldereva, a thorn in the cup, in a paw.

Only the third way (a spike) rescues from drafts in the corners. But it is the most time-consuming way. Therefore, builders without the effective area of the home. When logging in the "paw" should be very careful when marking and , or cutouts on the ends of rims do not match. When you need to caulk wooden walls? Simultaneously with the erection. At each crown fits dry tow or moss layers. Each layer should be slightly wider than the groove next crown. Insulating layer should be thicker than an inch, and over the windows and doors, taking into account future shrinkage and shrinkage at home, 4-5 cm more a year later, when the timber finally "find their place, the remains of moss and hemp need caulked into the grooves. How to "ennoble" outside the walls of wooden houses? Log house looks good even without paint, but brusovoi house desirable to sheathe, for example, a board-lining or even impose a brick (a half-brick) Although wooden wall not tolerate such a finish as worse than the "breathing". That the wall did not dampen, to take care of ventilation. And no Do not upholstering the wooden walls of roofing material: heat saving a little, but the rotting wood will be thorough. What are disadvantages of wooden walls? In addition, the walls of wood are flammable and are exposed to insect decay, after the construction of wooden walls before they finish must be at least a year until the walls "settle". The magnitude of rainfall could reach 10%, significantly higher than that of stone or Karka governmental walls (1 -3%). Timber during drying may be deformed. walls – a complicated and expensive procedure. Therefore advisable to use wood in the construction of small houses (not more than 2 floors).

But as they are confirmed in practice (just walk around the city and all will see for yourself). The first thing to note: the largest number of objects, coated with a ventilated facade, this office and the administrative and commercial centers. Houses are very few. All of these buildings, mostly located in downtown, you can even just limit their area of concentration: Chelyuskintsev-Moscow-Shorsa East. Generally, curtain walls combined with a translucent structures. Colours of all buildings in general monotone – gray and creamy coffee (apparently still strong tradition of Soviet architecture, to recall the "gray" or "White" house – though in these buildings and have not been applied ventilated facades in the sense in which we now understand them. On the building of the city administration they are generally not, and the government building of granite faced with attachments). From administrative newly another white spot (in a good sense of the word) has become a new building Legislative Assembly of granite lined.

Undoubtedly, these new buildings look very impressive against the backdrop of and , very very gray and battered. But it paints the town does not add. One of the reasons why, as described above (appreciation of construction when using non-standard colors). And second, in our view, lies in the fact that there is a certain stereotype of what should be the color of the facade administrative and commercial buildings. And to go beyond it until it turns out. Architects are trying to diversify the designs of facades, curtain walls combining, translucent glass design or decoration. But it is in fashion – you can dress stylishly, but in gray or black.

Brightness will not be. Perhaps, for administrative buildings such colors and are justified, but for homes, in our opinion, it is necessary to choose different color tiles materials suspended facades. Agree that by inviting their friends to visit, it would be nice to tell them apart from the address that you live in, for example, in the red house (by the way, because everyone knows only the red house on Gurzuf)! In this If the house number in general can not be called. And so they find. And if in every area of colorful houses would have been a few? (It is possible that there would be confusion, but in this case is the exact address). The city would become brighter and more beautiful for sure. Although there are difficulties. Get all the facts and insights with saho, another great source of information. Color appearance of the facade must pass approval to glavarhitekture. Will take place or not – matter. In general, there are a lot of work, the benefit of facade materials and technologies make it possible to realize the most interesting and bright ideas.

Collective benefits accrue to all stakeholders of the construction sector, regardless of whether they are members of the sro in the building or not. In this case, firms operating in the construction industry, serve as group with special interests. There are two main types of such benefits: – establishment of a favorable regime for the construction industry of government regulation – improving the image of the industry in the eyes of society. The key issue is the production of collective goods free-rider problem. Protection activities and expression of the collective interests of the business carries sro, respectively, the costs are solely the responsibility of its members, but receive all the benefits. There are several ways to solve ‘the problem of free-rider’.

Firstly, its severity depends on the size, stability and homogeneity of the group: it is less relevant in small groups, where possible control over activities of each and the problem of allocation of costs to achieve the collective interests is resolved by negotiations with relatively low costs of doing. Beginning of the Peace Corps: the source for more info. That is, the problem may be relatively easy overcome in oligopolistic industries. The problem will also be less acute if group members are homogeneous, ie belong to the same industry (such as sro in the building), characterized by roughly the same size and famous brand, etc., which ensures convergence of interests. Secondly, you can create electoral incentives for members of the group (positive or negative) that will encourage them to participate in activities to defend their common interests. Private wealth produced by business associations, are as selective incentives.

Third, if for any of the participants gain from the production of the collective good higher costs, such party may assume all the costs of producing the collective good, not paying attention to the fact that benefits from its activities and receive a free rider. In a significant number of cases the collective good more profitable to produce within a business associations do not create public goods, that is, non-SRO in the building. In this case there is a direct savings: Funds obtained through the use of election incentives (the production of private goods), are spent only on the production of collective, rather than public goods (for example, only on lobbying, not on conflict resolution). However, this rule is a major exception: it is possible that the efficient production of collective goods is impossible without the production of the public. This occurs when the terms of society and / or state public goods is a condition to meet the collective interests of business. On the other hand, the sro in the building may well exist without actually producing collective goods, and limited public and private.